A pressure reducing valve (PRV) is an essential component of your home’s plumbing system. It moderates the water pressure coming from the main supply to a level that is safe and manageable for your pipes and appliances. However, like any mechanical device, a PRV can wear out or fail over time. Knowing the signs of a failing pressure reducing valve can save you from unexpected high repair bills, water damage, and inefficient water usage. In this blog, we’ll guide you through the indicators of a malfunctioning PRV, the possible reasons behind its failure, and the steps to test its functionality.

Signs of a Failing Pressure Reducing Valve

1. High Water Pressure: One of the most obvious signs that your PRV is failing is if the water pressure in your home suddenly seems higher than usual. This can manifest as water gushing out of taps more forcefully or toilets flushing with significantly more power. Over time, excessive pressure can damage your plumbing and appliances.
2. Low Water Pressure: Conversely, if the PRV is stuck closed or clogged, it can reduce the flow of water to a trickle, affecting everything from shower performance to how well your washing machine works.
3. Noisy Pipes: A failing PRV can cause issues like water hammer — loud banging noises in the pipes, especially when water is turned off quickly. This noise results from a shock wave of high-pressure water that is looking for a place to escape in the plumbing system.
4. Leaks in the Valve: Over time, the internal components of the PRV, such as seals and diaphragms, can wear out, leading to leaks. If you notice water dripping from the valve itself, it’s a clear sign that the PRV is due for a checkup or replacement.
5. Vibrating or Humming Noises: Unusual noises coming from the PRV itself, like humming or vibrating, can indicate that the valve is struggling to maintain the set pressure level due to internal wear or debris buildup.

Common Causes of PRV Failures

• Age: Most pressure reducing valves have a lifespan of about 10 to 15 years. Over time, internal parts wear out and the valve’s performance declines.
• High Mineral Content: In areas with hard water, mineral deposits can build up inside the valve, affecting its function and eventually leading to failure.
• Poor Installation: Incorrect installation can lead to numerous problems, including stress on the valve from improper pipe alignment, which can cause premature failure.
• Quality of the Valve: Not all PRVs are created equal. Lower quality valves may fail sooner than those from reputable brands that conform to industry standards like those set by the American Water Works Association (AWWA).

Testing Your Pressure Reducing Valve

1. Check the Pressure Settings: The first step is to check the water pressure setting on your PRV. This is usually done using a pressure gauge, which can be attached to a tap near the valve. The typical residential water pressure should be between 40 and 60 psi. If the pressure is outside this range, it’s a sign that the PRV may not be functioning correctly.
2. Manual Testing: Most PRVs have a screw or bolt that allows for manual adjustment. By turning this screw, you can modify the pressure settings up or down and observe if the valve responds accordingly. If adjusting the screw has no effect on the water pressure, the PRV may be stuck or broken.
3. Visual Inspection: Look for any signs of physical damage, corrosion, or leakage around the PRV. Corrosion can compromise the valve’s structure, while leaks can indicate seal failures.
4. Listen for Noises: Turn on several faucets in your home to create a demand for water and listen to the PRV. Any unusual noises during operation might suggest internal damage or debris clogging the valve.

When to Call a Professional

While some DIY enthusiasts might feel comfortable checking and replacing a PRV on their own, plumbing can be complex and errors can lead to significant damage. If you suspect your PRV is failing, or if you are unsure of your ability to assess or fix the problem, it is wise to call a professional plumber. They can provide a definitive diagnosis and ensure that any replacement or repair is done safely and effectively.

Preventive Maintenance Tips

• Regular Checks: Incorporate pressure checks into your regular home maintenance schedule. Checking the pressure once or twice a year can help catch issues early.
• Install a Sediment Filter: If you live in an area with high mineral content water, consider installing a sediment filter before the PRV to prevent mineral buildup inside the valve.
• Follow Manufacturer’s Guidelines: Use only recommended parts and follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for any maintenance or adjustments.

Conclusion

A functioning pressure reducing valve is critical to maintaining the longevity and efficiency of your home’s plumbing system. By understanding the signs of a failing PRV, regularly checking and maintaining your plumbing, and knowing when to call in the experts, you can ensure that your home’s water system operates smoothly, preventing costly repairs and potential damage.